Abstract Detail

Abstract

Background: Saudi Arabia crossed a crucial period of the COVID-19 epidemic that spread to 205 locations across 13 administrative areas. There were serious repercussions of mortality and morbidity during its three years of spread. With the hard efforts of all the sectors and agencies, this epidemic was successfully controlled in the country. Aims and objectives: This analytical investigation of COVID-19 aims to pinpoint affected locations over the three years. It also investigates morbidity and mortality burden from the epidemic. Additionally, it identified locations, governorates, and administrative areas for the volume and severity of COVID-19 cases, year-wise. Data and methods: Daily reports of COVID-19 cases published by the Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia from March 15, 2020, to April 30, 2023 analyzed in this research. Annual counts, estimates of crude infection rates, and case fatality rates with monthly averages were done for the entire country, its administrative areas, and 205 locations. Results: Despite a progressive trend, the impact of second and third waves on morbidity and mortality varied across administrative areas, governorates, and locations. While major administrative areas of Al-Riyadh, Makkah Al-Mokarramah, Al-Madina Al-Monawarah, and the Eastern Region experienced significant consequences, others such as Al-Baha, Jazan, and Aseer have faced serious repercussions. Additionally, mortality was notable in Al-Jouf, Hail, Jazan, Aseer, Northern Borders, and Al-Baha – the smaller administrative areas. Besides, certain locations within the administrative areas, other than popular cities and administrative headquarters, emerged as COVID-19 hotspots, particularly of mortality. Conclusions: The morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia exhibited a discernible pattern across the administrative areas, governorates, and locations, with numbers and infection rates fluctuating every month with increases and decreases. Although mortality rates were higher in the initial year, significant control measures were implemented. The fatality rate displayed notable variations across administrative areas. This analysis holds significance for the development of epidemic control systems, the implementation of resistance measures at the grassroots level, and the establishment of a surveillance system. Furthermore, it contributes to a clearer understanding of the situation that facilitates international comparisons and formation of collaborative networks.

Biography

Dr. Hamad Aldossari currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography and Geographical information systems at Imam Mohammed ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. He obtained his PhD in GIS and Epidemiology from the University of East Anglia, UK. He also participated in several high-profile conferences as well as his academic career, Dr. Hamad held several managerial positions in Saudi Arabia and United Kingdom.